# BPC-157 Research References — Full Citation List with DOIs and PubMed Links > Complete bibliography for the BPC-157 Safe editorial dossier: 21 primary source citations with DOIs and PubMed / PMC links. Peer-reviewed journals, systematic reviews, and pharmacokinetics studies. ## Primary Sources All citations below are from peer-reviewed journals indexed in PubMed, PubMed Central, or the journal's own DOI resolver. Links are provided directly to the primary source record. The research record for BPC-157 spans 1993 to 2026. The earliest citation — Sikiric et al. (1993) in Life Sciences — establishes the hepatoprotective baseline. The most recent — Yuan et al. (2026) in International Journal of Molecular Sciences — is a comprehensive tissue repair and analgesia review. The 2025 intravenous human pilot (Lee and Burgess) and the 2025 systematic review in HSS Journal (Vasireddi et al.) represent the current outer edge of the clinical evidence. ## Citation List [1] Sikiric P, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy and Safety Key: A Special Beneficial Pleiotropic Effect Controlling and Modulating Angiogenesis and the NO-System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025. DOI: 10.3390/ph18060928. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12195719/ [2] Jozwiak M, Bauer M, Kamysz W, Kleczkowska P. Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide — Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025. DOI: 10.3390/ph18020185. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11859134/ [3] Sikiric P, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy and Safety Key. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025. DOI: 10.3390/ph18060928. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12195719/ [4] Jozwiak M, et al. Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025. DOI: 10.3390/ph18020185. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11859134/ [5] McGuire FP, Martinez R, Lenz A, Skinner L, Cushman DM. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s12178-025-09990-7. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12446177/ [6] Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2025. DOI: 10.12659/AOT.948001. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40131143/ [7] Huang B-S, Huang S-C, Chen F-H, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 efficiently reduces radiation-induced liver injury and lipid accumulation through Kruppel-like factor 4 upregulation both in vivo and in vitro. Life Sciences. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121072. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36228773/ [8] Demirtas H, Ozer A, Yildirim AK, et al. Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Experimental Lower-Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025. DOI: 10.3390/medicina61020291. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40005408/ [9] Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Grabarevic Z, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of BPC 157, a 15-amino acid peptide, on liver lesions induced by either restraint stress or bile duct and hepatic artery ligation or CCl4 administration. Life Sciences. 1993. DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90589-u. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7901724/ [10] Ilic S, Drmic D, Franjic S, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and its effects on a NSAID toxicity model: diclofenac-induced gastrointestinal, liver, and encephalopathy lesions. Life Sciences. 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.01.015. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21295044/ [11] Krivic A, Anic T, Seiwerth S, Huljev D, Sikiric P. Achilles detachment in rat and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Promoted tendon-to-bone healing and opposed corticosteroid aggravation. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2006. DOI: 10.1002/jor.20096. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16583442/ [12] Seiwerth S, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627533. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34267654/ [13] He L, Feng D, Guo H, Zhou Y, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026182. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9794587/ [14] Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2021. DOI: 10.12659/AOT.932720. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34324435/ [15] Strbe S, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, et al. Over-Dose Lithium Toxicity as an Occlusive-like Syndrome in Rats and Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Biomedicines. 2021. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111506. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34829735/ [16] Vasireddi N, Hahamyan H, Salata MJ, et al. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS Journal. 2025. DOI: 10.1177/15563316251355551. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40756949/ [17] Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R, et al. Toxicity by NSAIDs. Counteraction by stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2013. DOI: 10.2174/13816128130111. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22950504/ [18] Bajramagic S, Sever M, Rasic F, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Intestinal Anastomoses Therapy in Rats — A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024. DOI: 10.3390/ph17081081. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39204186/ [19] Sikiric P, Boban Blagaic A, Strbe S, et al. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024. DOI: 10.3390/ph17040461. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38675421/ [20] McGuire FP, Martinez R, Lenz A, Skinner L, Cushman DM. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s12178-025-09990-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789979/ [21] Yuan C, Demers A, Silva-Ortiz V, et al. From Regeneration to Analgesia: The Role of BPC-157 in Tissue Repair and Pain Management. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026. DOI: 10.3390/ijms27062876. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41898733/ --- For research purposes only. Not for human consumption. This site does not sell any product and is not affiliated with any vendor.